What are hard skills & examples for your resume

When a hiring manager glances at your resume, they likely scan to ensure you have the right hard skills. Every job requires unique technical know-how. You’ll have a leg up if you’re already proficient in the software and techniques a potential employer uses. 

Whether you’re a recent graduate, debating a career change, or want to upskill, understanding how to showcase your hard skills throughout your career offers you a competitive edge.

What are hard skills?

Hard skills refer to your technical abilities and practical job or industry-specific knowledge. You typically learn hard skills through formal education, job training, or self-directed learning. These skills are then fine-tuned through practice and work experience. 

Hard skills are important because your proficiency with certain tools will guide how well you execute your roles and responsibilities. They often require a trackable, step-by-step learning process. These skills also evolve over time as industries change and innovative technologies emerge. These job-specific skills directly contribute to company-wide productivity and efficiency.

Some examples of hard skills include scientific research, exploratory data analysis, and academic writing.

Types of hard skills examples for your resume

The best way to showcase your hard skills on your resume is to list them in a dedicated “skills” section. This makes them easy to find for hiring managers or recruiters who review your resume. 

To stand out, it’s important to know which hard skills are most relevant for your industry. Here are a few different types of hard skills examples to consider as you build your resume skills section:

• Analytical skills: These skills refer to your ability to research and interpret information. Examples of more specific hard skills that fall in this category include business forecasting, financial management, and data mining. You can also include any technical programs you know like Google Analytics, Excel, and Tableau.
• Entrepreneurial skills: These skills are the ones you use to grow and scale businesses. For example, if you’re trying to get a new business off the ground, you’ll need entrepreneurial hard skills like budgeting, sales, and marketing skills. You may also use software that’s big in business, such as Salesforce and HubSpot.
• Professional leadership skills: Leadership skills refer to your ability to guide and inspire others effectively. Some leadership skills are hard skills while others are considered soft skills. Examples of hard skills for leaders include strategic planning, running productive meetings, and leadership management skills.
• Presentation skills: For professionals in public-facing leadership roles like politicians or educators, presentation skills are essential. These may include hard skills like public speaking, graphic design, and copywriting.
• Business skills: Business skills enable you to successfully function within an organizational structure. Hard business skills include data visualization, conducting risk assessments, and agile project management skills.
• Human resources skills: Human resource professionals require trained knowledge to develop skills like recruiting talent, managing onboarding, and benefits administration. This category may also include knowledge of platforms like Greenhouse, Lever, and workforce management software.
• Project management skills: Many jobs require managing projects, which is a hard skill. Hard skills for a project manager might include using software like Asana, Jira, and Notion.
• Other job-specific professional skills: Each job requires its own unique skill set. Examples of workplace skills that involve hard knowledge include programming languages, search engine optimization (SEO), and social media. Platforms you could add include Semrush, Hootsuite, and Ahrefs.

Hard skills can also be a compelling addition to your cover letter.

45 hard skills to boost your resume

1. Project management

Project management involves organizing tasks, teams, and resources to meet project deadlines and goals efficiently. Strong project managers use methodologies like Agile and Waterfall to keep projects on track.

Tools:

• Asana
• Jira
• Trello

Methodologies: 

• Agile
• Waterfall

2. Marketing

Marketing skills involve creating and executing strategies to promote products and services. Professionals in this field use digital tools and platforms to reach target audiences and measure the success of campaigns.

Tools:

• Google Analytics
• HubSpot
• SEMrush

Areas: 

• Content creation
• SEO
• Social media management

3. Copywriting

Copywriting focuses on writing persuasive content aimed at driving conversions, engagement, or sales. It’s a vital skill in advertising, digital marketing, and content creation across various media channels.

Examples: 

• Website copy
• Email campaigns
• Social media ads

4. Human resources management

Human resources (HR) management focuses on recruiting, onboarding, and managing employee relations within organizations. HR professionals also oversee benefits administration and employee development.

Tools:

• Greenhouse
• BambooHR
• Workday

Applications:

• Hiring
• Performance management
• Employee engagement

5. Budgeting

Budgeting involves planning and managing financial resources for projects, departments, or entire organizations. This skill is essential for controlling costs and ensuring financial stability.

Tools:

• Excel
• QuickBooks
• FreshBooks

Applications:

• Project budgeting
• Financial forecasting
• Business operations

6. E-commerce management

E-commerce management covers running and optimizing online stores to sell products or services. It includes managing inventory, setting up product listings, and overseeing order fulfillment.

Platforms:

• Shopify
• WooCommerce
• Magento

Applications:

• Online retail
• Product listings
• Order fulfillment

7. Event planning

Event planning involves organizing and executing events such as conferences, weddings, or corporate meetings. Professionals in this field must manage logistics, schedules, and vendor relationships.

Tools:

• Eventbrite
• Trello
• Cvent

Applications:

• Corporate events
• Personal celebrations
• Trade shows

8. Supply chain management

Supply chain management focuses on coordinating the production, shipment, and delivery of goods. It includes optimizing processes to ensure efficient production and inventory control.

Tools:

• SAP
• Oracle ERP
• Microsoft Dynamics

Areas: 

• Logistics
• Inventory management
• Procurement

9. Data visualization

Data visualization involves representing data in graphical formats to make complex information easier to understand. It is widely used in business reports, dashboards, and presentations.

Tools:

• Tableau
• Power BI
• Google Data Studio

Applications:

• Business reports
• Dashboards
• Performance metrics

10. Financial analysis

Financial analysis is the process of evaluating financial data to guide decision-making. It is key for assessing business performance and making recommendations for future actions.

Tools:

• Excel
• Bloomberg Terminal
• QuickBooks

Applications:

• Investment analysis
• Financial reporting
• Budgeting

11. Data mining

Data mining involves discovering patterns and extracting useful information from large datasets. It is a crucial skill for making data-driven business decisions and identifying trends.

Tools:

• SAS
• R
• Python

Applications:

• Predictive analytics
• Customer segmentation
• Market research

12. Database management

Database management is the process of storing, organizing, and retrieving data efficiently. It’s essential for maintaining large amounts of information in structured systems.

Tools:

• SQL
• Oracle
• Microsoft Access

Applications:

• Data storage
• Retrieval
• Analysis

13. Mobile app development

Mobile app development focuses on building and maintaining applications for mobile devices. Developers in this field must understand coding languages and user interface best practices for iOS and Android.

Tools:

• Swift
• Kotlin
• React Native
• Flutter

Applications: Mobile apps for iOS and Android

14. Blockchain development

Blockchain development centers on building decentralized applications and managing blockchain platforms. This skill is valuable in industries such as cryptocurrency, supply chain, and fintech.

Tools:

• Ethereum
• Hyperledger
• Solidity

Applications:

• Cryptocurrency
• Smart contracts
• Decentralized finance (DeFi)

15. Artificial intelligence (AI) development

AI development involves creating intelligent systems capable of performing tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as learning and problem-solving.

Tools:

• Python
• TensorFlow
• Keras

Applications:

• Chatbots
• Image recognition
• Voice assistants

16. DevOps

DevOps combines software development and IT operations to shorten development cycles and improve efficiency. This role requires proficiency in automation tools and cloud platforms.

Tools:

• Jenkins
• Docker
• Kubernetes

Applications:

• Continuous integration
• Deployment automation
• Cloud infrastructure

17. Cloud computing

Cloud computing involves managing data storage, services, and applications on cloud platforms. It’s essential for modern IT infrastructures and scalable solutions.

Platforms:

• AWS
• Microsoft Azure
• Google Cloud

Applications:

• Data storage
• Application development
• IT management

18. Virtual reality (VR) development

VR development is the process of creating immersive digital environments that simulate physical presence in a virtual world. It is widely used in gaming, training, and marketing.

Tools:

• Unity
• Unreal Engine
• Oculus SDK

Applications:

• Gaming
• Training simulations
• Real estate tours

19. Augmented reality (AR) development

AR development involves creating experiences that blend digital and real-world elements. It is commonly used in mobile apps, gaming, and marketing campaigns.

Tools:

• ARKit
• ARCore
• Vuforia

Applications:

• Marketing campaigns
• Mobile apps
• Gaming

20. Design

Design skills cover everything from graphic design to user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design. Professionals create visuals and layouts that improve usability and engagement.

Tools:

• Adobe Creative Suite (Photoshop, Illustrator)
• Figma

Applications:

• Website design
• Branding
• Product design

21. User interface (UI) design

UI design focuses on crafting the look and layout of digital interfaces, ensuring they are easy to navigate and visually appealing.

Tools:

• Figma
• Sketch
• Adobe XD

Applications:

• Website design
• App development
• Software interface design

22. UX (user experience) design

UX design emphasizes improving the overall user experience of a product, focusing on making digital interfaces intuitive and accessible.

Tools:

• Figma
• Sketch
• InVision

Applications:

• Website usability
• App design
• User testing

23. 3D modeling

3D modeling involves creating three-dimensional representations of objects for use in design, animation, and gaming.
 Tools:

• Blender
• Autodesk Maya
• Cinema 4D

Applications:

• Animation
• Video games
• Architecture

24. Video production

Video production involves planning, filming, and editing video content. It requires technical knowledge of video equipment and editing software to create professional-quality content.

Tools:

• Adobe Premiere Pro
• Final Cut Pro
• Sony Vegas

Applications:

• Commercials
• Documentaries
• Social media content

25. Video editing

Video editing focuses on enhancing video footage by cutting, arranging, and applying effects to create polished final products.

Tools:

• Adobe Premiere
• Final Cut Pro
• DaVinci Resolve

Applications:

• Film production
• Marketing videos
• YouTube content

26. Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity skills involve protecting networks and data from cyber threats. Professionals in this field must implement security measures and respond to security breaches.

Tools:

• Firewalls
• Encryption software
• Antivirus programs

Applications:

• Data protection
• Risk management
• Ethical hacking

27. Ethical hacking

Ethical hacking involves testing systems for vulnerabilities by simulating cyberattacks. It helps organizations improve their security by identifying and fixing potential weaknesses.

Tools:

• Kali Linux
• Metasploit
• Wireshark

Applications:

• Penetration testing
• Network security
• Cybersecurity assessments

28. Network security

Network security involves securing computer networks from unauthorized access or cyberattacks. Professionals monitor, manage, and update security protocols to protect data.

Tools:

• Norton
• McAfee
• Cisco

Techniques:

• Firewalls
• Encryption
• Antivirus software

29. Robotics

Robotics skills involve designing, building, and programming robots for industrial or consumer applications. Robots can automate tasks in manufacturing, healthcare, and other fields.

Tools:

• ROS (Robot Operating System)
• Arduino
• Raspberry Pi

Applications:

• Automation
• Manufacturing
• Healthcare robotics

30. Computer technology

Computer technology skills cover both hardware and software proficiency. They include troubleshooting, system setup, and software installation for various operating systems.

Platforms:

• Windows
• macOS
• Linux

Skills: 

• Troubleshooting
• System setup
• Software installations

31. Technical writing

Technical writing focuses on creating clear, concise documentation such as user manuals, how-to guides, and white papers. It’s crucial in industries that require detailed instructions.

Tools:

• Microsoft Word
• Adobe FrameMaker
• Google Docs

Applications:

• User guides
• How-to manuals
• Product documentation

32. Legal writing

Legal writing involves drafting legal documents, including contracts, briefs, and court motions. Precision and clarity are essential in this highly specialized form of writing.

Tools:

• Microsoft Word
• Adobe Acrobat
• Legal research databases (e.g., Westlaw)

Applications:

• Law firms
• Corporate law
• Government agencies

33. Public speaking

Public speaking skills are necessary for delivering presentations, speeches, or leading meetings. Professionals in this field must be able to engage and communicate effectively with audiences.

Tools:

• PowerPoint
• Prezi
• Zoom

Applications:

• Conferences
• TED Talks
• Leadership presentations

34. Communication

Effective oral and written communication in a professional context includes business writing, report creation, and presentation delivery. It’s critical for team collaboration and leadership roles.

Tools:

• Microsoft PowerPoint
• Zoom
• Slack

Applications:

• Business emails
• Presentations
• Report writing

35. Financial modeling

Financial modeling involves creating mathematical representations of a company's financial performance. It is used for budgeting, forecasting, and assessing investment opportunities.

Tools:

• Excel
• Bloomberg Terminal
• SAP

Applications:

• Investment analysis
• Budgeting
• Forecasting

36. Accounting

Accounting skills focus on financial record-keeping, tax preparation, and budgeting. Accountants must understand industry standards and comply with regulatory requirements.

Tools:

• QuickBooks
• Xero
• Excel

Areas: 

• Financial reporting
• Tax filing
• Budgeting

37. Risk management

Risk management involves identifying, evaluating, and mitigating risks that could impact business operations. It’s crucial in planning for uncertainty and safeguarding company assets.

Tools:

• Risk assessment software
• SAP GRC
• LogicGate

Applications:

• Business continuity
• Financial risk analysis
• Project planning

38. Customer relationship management (CRM)

CRM skills involve managing customer interactions and improving relationships with clients to drive sales. Professionals use CRM platforms to streamline processes and enhance customer experiences.

Tools:

• Salesforce
• HubSpot
• Zoho CRM

Applications:

• Lead management
• Customer engagement
• Sales analytics

39. Sales

Sales skills include prospecting, negotiating, and closing deals with customers. Sales professionals must understand customer needs and offer solutions that provide value.

Tools:

• Salesforce
• HubSpot
• Zoho CRM

Techniques: 

• Lead generation
• Pipeline management
• Closing deals

40. Research

Research skills involve gathering information from various sources to answer questions or solve problems. This is a core skill in academic, marketing, and product development settings.

Tools:

• Google Scholar
• PubMed
• JSTOR

Applications:

• Academic research
• Market research
• Product development

41. Scientific research

Scientific research involves conducting experiments, collecting data, and interpreting results to advance knowledge in specific fields like medicine, biology, or chemistry.

Tools:

• SPSS
• MATLAB
• Laboratory equipment

Applications:

• Academic research
• Clinical trials
• Product development

42. HVAC systems maintenance

HVAC maintenance involves installing, repairing, and maintaining heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. It’s a specialized trade requiring technical knowledge of these systems.
Tools:

• Multimeters
• HVAC diagnostic software
• Pressure gauges

Applications: Residential and commercial HVAC systems

43. Quality assurance (QA) testing

QA testing involves ensuring that products or software meet quality standards before being released. It requires detecting and fixing defects through testing procedures.
Tools:

• Selenium
• TestRail
• Jira

Applications:

• Software testing
• Product testing
• Bug tracking

44. Bilingual skills

Being bilingual means being fluent in two languages, which is highly valuable in customer service, international business, and translation roles.

Languages: Spanish, French, Mandarin
Applications:

• Customer service
• Translation
• Global business

45. Foreign language proficiency

Foreign language proficiency refers to the ability to speak, write, and understand a language other than your native one. It is essential in roles requiring cross-cultural communication.

Examples: Advanced proficiency in Spanish, Mandarin, French
Applications: 

• Global communications
• Translation
• International marketing

Most in-demand hard skills to develop

1. Business and management

Ever wonder how companies like Apple or Google manage to launch products that seem to change the world overnight? It's not magic – it's solid project management. These skills help teams stay on track, meet deadlines, and turn big ideas into reality. And let's not forget about marketing. In today's digital age, a viral social media campaign can turn a small startup into a household name faster than you can say "trending."

2. Data and analytics

In a world drowning in data, those who can make sense of it all are worth their weight in gold. Imagine being able to predict the next big fashion trend or understand exactly why customers are leaving your service. That's the power of data analysis. Companies like Netflix use it to figure out what shows you'll binge-watch next, while retailers use it to make sure they never run out of your favorite products.

3. Technology and programming

Remember when having a website was considered cutting-edge? Now, if your business isn't in everyone's pocket via a mobile app, you're practically invisible. From creating the next addictive game to developing life-saving healthcare apps, programming skills open up a world of possibilities. And with technologies like AI and blockchain, we're not just talking about building tools – we're talking about reshaping entire industries.

4. Design and creative

Ever been frustrated by a clunky website or confused by a poorly designed app? That's why design skills are so crucial. Good design isn't just about making things pretty – it's about creating experiences that are intuitive and enjoyable. Whether it's a sleek interface for a banking app or an immersive VR experience, designers are the ones who make technology feel human.

5. Cybersecurity and IT

In an age where a single data breach can cost millions and ruin reputations, cybersecurity isn't just for tech companies anymore. Every business, from your local coffee shop to multinational corporations, needs to protect its digital assets. And as we connect more devices to the internet – from fridges to cars – the need for security experts is only going to grow.

6. Writing and communication

You might have the best idea in the world, but if you can't communicate it effectively, it might as well not exist. Whether it's crafting a compelling email to land a big client, writing clear instructions for a new product, or delivering a knock-out presentation to investors, communication skills can make or break careers and businesses.

7. Financial and risk management

Money makes the world go round, but only if you know how to manage it. From personal budgeting apps to complex investment strategies for multinational corporations, financial skills are always in demand. And in a world full of uncertainties – from market crashes to global pandemics – those who can navigate risks and plan for the unexpected are invaluable.

8. Customer and client relations

In the age of social media, one bad customer experience can go viral and damage a brand overnight. On the flip side, exceptional customer service can turn customers into lifelong brand advocates. That's why skills in managing customer relationships are so crucial. Whether it's resolving conflicts, anticipating needs, or just making people feel heard, these skills can make all the difference.

9. Specialized professions

While general skills are important, there's also huge value in specialized knowledge. Think about the last time you had a problem with your car or needed a medical procedure. In those moments, you're grateful for the experts who've spent years honing their specific skills. From HVAC technicians keeping our offices comfortable to researchers developing new vaccines, specialists keep our world running smoothly.

10. Languages and translation

Language skills are more valuable than ever. Imagine being able to negotiate a business deal in Beijing, translate a bestselling novel, or help a lost tourist find their way in a new city. Beyond just communication, language skills open up new cultures and perspectives.

Hard skills vs. soft skills: what's the difference?

The best way to make your resume stand out is to include a combination of hard skills and soft skills. Many job seekers refer to hard skills vs. soft skills interchangeably, but they are two very different types of skills. 

Soft skills refer to personal proficiencies that are often developed without being taught. Examples of soft skills include the following: 

• Effective communication skills
• Time management
• Critical thinking skills
• Active listening skills
• Creative thinking
• Decision-making skills
• Teamwork

Both hard and soft skills are vocational skills that are important for getting noticed. A recent LinkedIn survey found that hard skills pique a hiring manager’s attention, but soft skills get you the job. A recruiter wants to see that the company won’t have to train you on every role-specific program and tool necessary. However, they also need to understand how you’ll approach problem-solving and collaboration at work.

These skills work in tandem to increase your expertise in a subject. For example, proficiency in a foreign language like Spanish is a hard skill. However, nonverbal communication skills and adaptability are essential soft skills. Combining both skill types is necessary to understand cultural nuances.

Depending on your industry, hiring managers might prioritize hard skills over soft skills. If you’re in a technology-focused role, like a website developer, it may be more important that you know how to code using HTML, CSS, and Javascript.

You can highlight more technical and specific skills on your resume and show off your interpersonal skills during the interview process.

Why are hard skills so important?

Having the right hard skills on your resume can greatly influence your job search trajectory. Hard skills can help your resume make it into the hands of the hiring manager. However, they can also directly influence your salary, career path, and earning potential.

• Impact on hiring: Because hard skills are measurable, they can help employers more easily assess whether someone is well suited for a specific role. Having the right hard skills can get your resume shortlisted in a large pool of candidates before soft skills ever come into play.
• Impact on salary: According to the job search platform Ladders, hard skills that are in high demand often command the highest starting salaries. These skills are valuable to employers because they may be scarce in the field. They may also be extremely important to an organization’s successful operations.
• Impact on career growth: A 2021 review of the temporary job market by Vanderbilt University found that a lack of both hard and soft skills were major barriers to people obtaining regular jobs to further their career. Career growth requires continued learning of technical skills as well as good people skills. 

Hard skills can also have an impact on earning potential, depending on demand. For example, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that demand for software developers is expected to increase by 25% through 2031, which is significantly faster than average. This presents opportunities for greater wages and career development for those who have relevant skills.

Are there hard skills everyone should invest in?

Desired hard skills vary by industry and role. This means that the hard skills that propel a construction manager will likely look totally different than those of a recruiter.

To determine what hard skills are most in demand, pay attention to industry growth predictions. Consider the skills that would be necessary for a position in that environment. Then, look for educational opportunities.

For example, jobs that use computer programming languages are expected to rise. These include roles like data scientists, web developers, and cybersecurity analysts. 

If you’re already a software engineer, it may be beneficial to learn some programming languages and operating systems that could make you a more competitive candidate. This could include the following:

• JavaScript
• Python
• Oracle Java
• Structured query language (SQL)
• Hypertext markup language (HTML)

While many hard skills involve specialized industry knowledge, there are a few worth learning for just about any industry. This includes computer skills like typing and the use of common Microsoft Office products like Microsoft Word. Many office jobs these days also value experience using generative AI.

Developing hard skills for career advancement

Because hard skills are often taught, there may be ways to improve your skills to advance your career. The good news? You don’t necessarily need to go back to school for them. Here are a few ways you can develop new skills to propel you toward a successful future.

Choosing which hard skills to invest in

The hardest part of the process may be deciding what hard skills to chase after for your career. This requires in-depth research and career planning.

In addition to internet searches, a few tools you can use to narrow down the skills pool include the following:

• Networking: Use a platform like LinkedIn to search for people who are in the same industry and role as you. Then, look at their profile to see which hard skills they include. You could even connect with them to ask questions about how they developed a particular skill and if they have any career advice.
• Career coaching: A career coach is someone who is trained to provide 1:1 guidance to help you reach your professional goals. Career coaches can help you better understand your industry. They can also connect you with professional resources.
• Connecting with recruiters: Get in touch with recruiters who specialize in your industry and ask for their opinion on what skills are most in demand. They work with hiring managers every day and are familiar with common listed requirements.

Taking classes vs. on-the-job learning

Once you know which hard skills or certifications you’re after, you’ll need to determine how you can best learn and develop them. This may mean taking an online course, a class offered by a trade or educational institution, or learning the skill as you work.

Apprenticeships offer a great opportunity to learn hard skills on the job. As an apprentice, you can work alongside experts in the field who can teach you how to properly use equipment, software, and tools. Industries that commonly offer apprenticeships include engineering, construction, and manufacturing.

Utilizing professional networks and organizations

Regardless of your profession, it’s important that you learn how to network to gain more industry knowledge. This could mean working with others in your organization or joining trade organizations. 

Networking in these ways will also help keep you abreast of any major industry changes. This way, you can stay on the cutting edge of your field.

How to discuss hard skills on your resume

Hard skills should be prominently showcased on your resume in a way that’s clear and easy to skim. Remember, employers only look at resumes for an average of six to seven seconds. 

Try using a list or bullet points within a clearly defined skills section so recruiters can use it as a checklist of your qualifications. Place your top skills first, and make sure you mention any that are listed in the job description.

If you’re in an industry where hard skills are a priority, consider placing your skills section near the top of your resume. You can also mention a few hard skills in your summary section if you choose to include one.

If you’re changing careers, think about which hard skills are transferable skills for your new industry and spotlight them. This is when a functional resume comes in handy as it can help emphasize your skills over your professional experience.

Hard skills are an easy sell

No matter the field you’re pursuing, showcasing your relevant hard skills shows hiring managers they’ll spend less time getting you up to speed in your new role. Your current proficiencies can give you a leg up on less experienced candidates, so show them off. 

And remember that you’re not alone in this learning process. You could ask your manager to mentor you or work alongside a friend to hold each other accountable. You can also consider working with a career coach to gain career clarity and break down your next steps.

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